Empirically based dimensions of externalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: a multitrait-multisource approach

Abstract The present study sought to refine knowledge about the structure underlying externalizing dimensions. From a “top-down” ICD/DSM-based perspective, symptoms can be categorized into attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant (ODD), and conduct (CD). “bottom-up” developmental theory-based disruptive behaviors meaningfully described as aggressive (AGG) rule-breaking (RB) behaviors. We analyzed five large data sets comprising symptom ratings obtained with screening instrument using different sources (parents, teachers, self-ratings) from samples. Using confirmatory factor analyses, we evaluated several models (unidimensional; correlated factors; bifactor (S-1) models) derived an ICD/DSM- perspective. Our optimally fitting were assessed for measurement invariance across all sources, sample settings, sex. Following model-based criteria (model fit indices; loadings; omega statistics; model parsimony), discarded our stepwise concluded that both three factors (ADHD, ODD, CD) AGG, RB) displayed statistically sound allowed straightforward interpretability. Furthermore, these two demonstrated metric samples settings (community, clinical), well scalar While dimensions AGG RB may depict more empirically coherent view than categorical perspective of ODD CD, at this point cannot clearly determine whether one really outperforms other. Implications selection according clinical research are discussed.